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Largehead hairtail
The largehead hairtail (also beltfish), ''Trichiurus lepturus'', is a member of the cutlassfish family, Trichiuridae. It is a long, slender fish found throughout the tropical and temperate oceans of the world. The Atlantic, East Pacific and Northwest Pacific populations are also known as Atlantic cutlassfish, Pacific cutlassfish and Japanese cutlassfish, respectively.
Largehead hairtails can grow to in length, although most only are .〔 The largest recorded weight is and the oldest recorded age is 15 years.〔 They prefer coastal regions and sometimes enter estuaries. They are found at depths of with most records between .〔
== Taxonomy ==
Although often considered a single highly widespread species,〔 it has been argued that it is a species complex that includes several species with the main groups being in the Atlantic (Atlantic cutlassfish), East Pacific (Pacific cutlassfish), Indo-Pacific and Northwest Pacific (Japanese cutlassfish). If split, the Atlantic would retain the scientific name ''T. lepturus.'' The Northwest Pacific (Sea of Japan and East China Sea) differs in morphometrics, meristics and genetics, and is sometimes recognized as ''T. japonicus''.〔Chakraborty, A.; Aranishi, F.; and Iwatsuki, Y. (2006). ''Genetic differentiation of Trichiurus japonicus and T. lepturus (Perciformes: Trichiuridae) based on mitochondrial DNA analysis.'' Zoological Studies 45(3): 419-427.〕〔Tzeng, C.H.; Chen, C.S.; and Chiu, T.S. (2007). ''Analysis of morphometry and mitochondrial DNA sequences from two Trichiurus species in waters of the western North Pacific: taxonomic assessment and population structure.'' Journal of Fish Biology 70 (Issue Supplement sb): 165–176.〕 Morphometric and meristic differences have also been shown in the population of the East Pacific (California to Peru), leading some to recognize it as ''T. nitens''.〔Burhanuddin, A.I.; and Parin, N.V. (2008). ''Redescription of the trichiurid fish, Trichiurus nitens Garman, 1899, being a valid of species distinct from T. lepturus Linnaeus, 1758 (Perciformes: Trichiuridae).'' Journal of Ichthyology 48(10): 825-830.〕 Additional studies are required on the possible separation and nomenclature of the Indo-Pacific populations, but based on mtDNA there are three species in this region: ''T. japonicus'' (marginal in the region, see range above), ''T. lepturus'' (West Pacific; the species also found in the Atlantic) and the final preliminarily referred to as ''Trichiurus'' sp. 2 (Indian Ocean, and East and South China Seas).〔Hsu, K.C.; Shih, N.S.; Ni, I.H.; and Shao, K.T. (2009). ''Speciation and population structure of three Trichiurus species based on mitochondrial DNA.'' Zoological Studies 48(6): 835-849.〕 The names ''T. coxii'' and ''T. haumela'' have been used for the populations off Australia and in the Indo-Pacific, repectively, but firm evidence supporting their validity as species is lacking.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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